Prognostic value of Procalcitonin and Interleukin 6 in COVID-19 patients

Document Type : New and original researches in the field of Microbiology.

Authors

1 Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

2 Anesthesiology and ICU, Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

3 Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University

Abstract

Background: The inflammatory response plays a critical role in (COVID-19), and inflammatory cytokine storm increases COVID-19 infection severity. Objective: To investigate the ability of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and procalcitonin (PCT) to predict COVID-19 disease severity. Methodology: Cross sectional analytic study included 55 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 Clinically, radiologically and confirmed by PCR, who were admitted in the Intensive Care Units of Al Kasr Al Ainy Isolation Hospitals from July 2020 to March 2021. The study population was divided into two groups according to disease severity: a moderate group (n=25) and a severe group (n=30). Data on the clinical characteristics, demographic characteristics, IL-6 and PCT levels were carefully collected. Results: Among our 55 patients, IL-6 and PCT levels were increased in 100 % and 27.3% of the patients respectively. The proportion of patients with elevated PCT levels was significantly high in the severe group when compared to the moderate group. Cox proportional hazard model demonstrated that PCT can be a significantly better method to detect the severity COVID 19 infection more than IL-6 (AUC (95% CI), P value = 0.696 (0.52- 0.87), 0.025 vs. 0.611 (0.461- 0.762), 0.201) respectively. Conclusion: IL-6 and PCT levels can be considered effective markers in the determination of COVID-19 severity and disease progression.

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