Document Type : Review articles
Authors
1
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
2
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, New Mansoura University, Egypt
3
Department of Chest Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
Abstract
Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a considerable rise in the number of individuals who have successfully recovered from COVID-19 infections. However, in certain cases, symptoms may persist for months or even years, potentially leading to disability. This phenomenon is commonly referred to as post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS). PCS includes a diverse array of symptoms, such as fatigue, dyspnea, chest pain, arrhythmias, changes in bowel habits, appetite disturbances, olfactory/gustatory dysfunction, anxiety and depression. Various risk factors have been recognized as key contributors to the onset of post-COVID-19 syndrome. There is no single factor that can fully explain the occurrence of this condition; rather, multiple factors interact in its pathogenesis. As a result, PCS has emerged as a new challenge in diagnosis and treatment. Thus, there is a growing focus on studying the significance of various biomarkers in the areas of diagnosis, prognosis and ongoing monitoring. This review will focus on the pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical symptoms, and biological markers associated with the development of post-COVID-19 syndrome.
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