Phenotypic and Genetic Detection of Healthcare Associated Multi-drug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection: A Guideline Step of Infection Control Strategy in an Outbreak Prevention

Document Type : New and original researches in the field of Microbiology.

Authors

1 Department of Medical Microbiology and İmmunology; Faculty of Medicine Al-Azhar University (Assiut)

2 Department of Medical Microbiology and İmmunology; Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University

3 Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University

4 Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University

5 Department of Medical Microbiology and İmmunology; Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University

6 Department of Medical Microbiology and İmmunology; Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University

Abstract

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) represents a serious causal agent in nosocomial infections that are becoming increasingly difficult to cure   due to their emerging drug resistance. Usage of vancomycin for treatment of serious infections caused by MRSA strains become vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) in clinical settings. Therefore, it becomes essential to understand the epidemiology of MRSA and VRSA. Objectives: This study aims to early detection of MRSA and VRSA infections either phenotypic or genotypic consider a guideline step of infection control strategy in outbreak prevention, Screen the magnitude of multidrug resistant S. aureus infections in Aswan university hospitals and to determine possibilities for future antibiotic treatment. Methodology: 182 different samples were collected from patients and 74 from environmental sources of infection. MRSA isolates were screened by ORSAB media, Oxacillin and Cefoxitin disk diffusion method then confirmed by detection of MecA gene by PCR, VRSA isolates were screened by Vancomycin disk diffusion method then confirmed by detection of VanA and VanB genes by      PCR.  Results: MRSA isolates were identified in 22 patients and 4 environmental sources of infection. None of them were VRSA .Each ward revealed infection with multiple strains indicating multiple sources of infection while certain strains were found multiple patients and multiple wards. Conclusions: Studying the epidemiology of MRSA and VRSA is very important. Suspected sources of infection including HCWs should be seriously considered, not only as a source of infection, but also as a major cause for transmitting infection between patients in different wards.

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