Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Ligand and Presepsin as Crucial Biomarkers in Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Document Type : New and original researches in the field of Microbiology.

Authors

1 Faculty of Medicine, Jabir ibn Hayyan University for Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

2 University of Kufa, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Iraq

Abstract

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune disorder that primarily targets the joints. It causes persistent inflammation, leading to pain, swelling, and gradual joint deterioration. Objective: This study investigates the immunological role of Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Ligand (RANKL) and presepsin in the blood of women with rheumatoid arthritis. Methodology: A case-control study was conducted at AL-Najaf Medical City, Iraq from October 2023 to February 2025. This study enrolled 60 healthy participants as a control group, 30 early RA women, 30 moderate RA Women, and 30 severe RA Women; all Women were diagnosed by the physician. RANKL and presepsin have been measured in women' blood using the ELISA technique. Results: The blood levels of RANKL (42.12±2.432 pg/ml) and presepsin (211.7±7.937 pg/ml) in all women were significantly higher than those in the control group (19.93 ± 1.416 pg/ml and 182.8 ± 14.51 pg/ml, respectively), with P-values of < 0.0001 and 0.0339. RANKL levels showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in women with moderate and severe RA, while presepsin levels were significantly elevated (P < 0.0241) in women with severe RA compared to healthy controls. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between the two markers in women with moderate and severe RA. Conclusion: RANKL and presepsin may be viable markers for diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis, and their raised levels may indicate disease severity. In addition, these biomarkers may be useful in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis among women.

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