Polymorphism Effects of TLR2 and TLR4 genes on Different Otitis Media Bacterial Infections

Document Type : New and original researches in the field of Microbiology.

Authors

1 Ministry of Health, Anbar Health Directorate, Iraq

2 Department of Medical Laboratories Techniques, College of Health and Medical Techniques University Of Al-Maarif , Al Anbar,31001, Iraq

3 Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq

Abstract

Background: Otitis media (OM) is an infection or inflammation in the middle ear. OM can become chronic or cause difficulties if it is not recognized early in the middle ear or if sufficient immune response is not elicited. Objective: We investigated the role of SNP of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in otitis media because of their importance in the early response to external antigens. Methodology: A case-control study was carried out from 27/9/2020 to 25/2/2021 on 120 Iraqi OM patients and 80 controls. They were collected from 50 females and 70 males with different ages ranging from 5 and 68 years. The VITEK 2 system was used to analyze bacterial isolates and identify bacterial species. For the extraction and purification of genomic DNA from blood samples, the Gene aid gSYNCTM DNA extraction kit fast technique. Results: (83.3 %) of patient swabs yielded positive cultures, indicating otitis media, and (16.7 %) yielded negative cultures. Two variants (SNPs: rs5743708 and rs121917864) of the TLR2 gene were investigated. The SNP rs5743708 allele and genotype frequencies differed significantly between patients' group and controls (p-values = 0.0002, 0.0203, and 0.0245,) respectively. Comparing Otitis media patients to control showed that the SNP rs121917864 had a similar allele and genotype frequencies distribution, and the p-values were insignificant. Two variants (SNPs: rs4986790 and rs4986791) of the TLR4 gene were investigated. Conclusion: There were a significant differences (p-value = 0.0008, 0.0109, and 0.0146) in the TLR4 gene SNP rs4986790 distribution of allele and genotype frequencies among patients to controls. However, when comparing patients to controls, significant differences in the distribution of allele and genotype frequencies of SNP rs4986791 were discovered (p-value = 0.0001, 0.0022, and 0.0318). In this study, SNPs (TLR2 gene: rs5743708; TLR4 gene: rs4986790 and rs4986791) were significantly associated with susceptibility to otitis media.

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