Expression of miR-181a1-3p and its Correlation with TGF-β1 and Chromogranin A in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Twayej, Zaid A.; Darweesh, Mayyada F.

doi:10.21608/ejmm.2025.372581.1548

Expression of miR-181a1-3p and its Correlation with TGF-β1 and Chromogranin A in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Document Type : New and original researches in the field of Microbiology.

Authors

¹ Laboratory Department, Immunology and Serology Unit, Alfurat Al-awsat Hospital, Najaf, Iraq

² Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq

10.21608/ejmm.2025.372581.1548

Abstract

Background: Type 1 Diabetes (T1DM) is a prevalent chronic illness, especially in children and teenagers. This rising incidence indicates the necessity of effective control and research. It is Objective: This study is designed to investigate the role of MiR-181a-1-3p, TGF- β 1 and Chromogranin A(CgA) levels in the development of T1DM. Methodology: The control case study involved 120 participants, of whom 40 were apparently healthy controls group and 80 T1DM patients diagnosed by a specialist in the Diabetic Department / Al-sader Medical City in AL- Najaf Al-Ashraf province from October 2023 till the end of February 2024. Blood sample was collected from all participants to detect TGF- β 1 and CgA serum level by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and MiR-181a-1-3-p by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: On the other hand, the anti-GAD65 and C-peptide diagnosis was conducted by (automatid Snibe MAGLUMI X3). The results showed that serum TGF- β 1 was significant in the healthy controls (735.37±103.41), which is significantly higher than (322.54 ±69.72) ng/ml patients. Meanwhile, there was a marked increase in the serum level of CgA in T1DM patients compared to control groups (1260.21 ± 850.21; 439.47±202.05) ng /ml. The expression of MiR-181a-1-3p was significantly higher in the control group than the patients group. The serum level of anti-GAD antibodies among patients with T1DM was significantly higher than in healthy controls (P<0.001) (375.01; 5.66 U/ml). All patients showed decreased serum level of C-peptide compared healthy controls. Conclusions: Finally, both miRNA181a-1-3-p. and serum level of TGF- β 1 were considered prognosis marker in T1DM especially when corelated with Chromogranin A to detect disease progressive.

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