Association between IL-34 Expression and some Clinicopathological Parameter in Colorectal Cancer

Document Type : New and original researches in the field of Microbiology.

Authors

1 Microbiology Department, Medical College, Thi-Qar University

2 Department of Histopathology and Forensic Medicine, Medical College, Thi-Qar University.

10.21608/ejmm.2025.394713.1718

Abstract

Background: The third most common cause of mortality and morbidity around the globe is colorectal cancer (CRC). Despite its high prevalence, there remains a limited number of reliable biomarkers for the early diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer. Interleukin-34 (IL-34) is a novel cytokine involved in immune regulation and inflammatory processes. Recent studies have demonstrated that IL-34 is significantly overexpressed in colorectal cancer tissues. In this study, we investigated the potential role of IL-34 as a prognostic biomarker for colorectal cancer. Aims of the study: The study was designed to evaluate the IL-34 expression in colorectal cancer tissues and its diagnostic value as a prognostic factor. Methodology: A total of 14 normal colon tissues were gathered as a control group and 74 colorectal cancer tissues were embedded in formalin-fixed paraffin. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) technique was performed to detect IL-34 expression. Following that, IL-34 expression levels were linked to clinicopathological information such as patient sex, age, tumor grade, stage, and lymph node involvement. The statistically analyses were conducted by SPSS version 26, based on the Chi-square test at p. value ≤0.05. Results: IL-34 expression was detected to be increased significantly in the CRC tissue (58%) in comparison to the control group (0%). Increased IL-34 expression was substantially correlated with advanced tumour stage and lymph node metastases, and grade under (p ≤ 0.05). No significant correlation was found with patient age or sex. Conclusion: the current study indicated that expression in CRC is high and not detected in normal tissue in control group is not. CRC represents a poor prognosis for patients with significant associated with stage, grade and lymph node metastasis with no significant relation of IL 34 with sex and age of patients.

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