Genotypic Profiling of Environmental and Clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates Using ERIC and GTG5 PCR Markers

Document Type : New and original researches in the field of Microbiology.

Authors

1 Department of Biology, College of Science, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq

2 Department of Medical Laboratory, Middle Technical University, Balad Technical Institute, Balad, Iraq

Abstract

Background: Otitis externa, commonly referred to as swimmer’s ear, is an inflammation of the external auditory canal, often associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, especially in aquatic environments like swimming pools. Objectives: This study aims to diagnose and assess the genetic diversity of P. aeruginosa isolates from both clinical and environmental sources using molecular techniques. Methodology: Fifty swab samples were collected in Balad city, Iraq, during the summer of 2024 from otitis externa patients and 25 from resort pools. Identification of P. aeruginosa was performed using biochemical tests and the VITEK 2 system. Genetic diversity was analyzed using ERIC-PCR and (GTG)₅-PCR to generate DNA fingerprint patterns. Results: P. aeruginosa was isolated from 40% of the total samples. ERIC-PCR classified the isolates into three distinct genetic groups (G1, G2, G3), demonstrating notable diversity between clinical and environmental strains. Some isolates from different sources (e.g., S1 and S10) clustered in separate groups, indicating possible genetic adaptation or exchange. Similarly, (GTG)₅-PCR supported this genetic distinction and identified three main clusters. A few clinical and environmental isolates showed genetic similarity, suggesting potential epidemiological links. Conclusion: The study highlights significant genetic variability of P. aeruginosa from both clinical and environmental sources. ERIC and (GTG)₅-PCR are effective in differentiating strains and can assist in tracing infection sources, enhancing infection control in healthcare and recreational water settings

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