Association between Coxsackie B viruses and Islets Autoimmunity in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM)

Al-Saad, Shams S.; Shani, Wafaa S.; Al-Hmudi, Hayder A.

doi:10.21608/ejmm.2025.406551.1795

Association between Coxsackie B viruses and Islets Autoimmunity in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM)

Document Type : New and original researches in the field of Microbiology.

Authors

¹ College of Dentistry, Al-Kunooz University, Basrah, Iraq

² Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq

10.21608/ejmm.2025.406551.1795

Abstract

Background: The chronic autoimmune disease known as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) results in hyperglycemia and a severe insulin shortage. Enteroviral (EV) infections can either directly kill pancreatic cells or cause an inflammatory response in the pancreatic islets that attracts autoreactive T lymphocytes to the area of inflammation. Objective: Investigate the potential correlation between the development of islet autoimmunity and type 1diabetes and the strains of the Coxsackie virus group. Methodology: This study was conducted from October 2022 to May 2023 at Al-Mawani General Hospital and Al-Faihaa Teaching Hospital. Serum samples were taken from 168 children and adolescents of both sexes (newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes who were not taking insulin). All serum samples were tested for COX V type B IgM, COX V type B IgG, human protein tyrosine phosphatase, human glutamic acid decarboxylase 65, and human islet antigen 2 antibodies using ELISA. Results: The ELISA test identified positive IgM titers in 86 patients, with 33 of them (38.37%) showing reactivity. For CVB-IgG detection, 23 out of 86 patients (26.74%) had positive sera. Molecular detection of CVB was carried out using the RT-PCR technique, among the patients, only one sample tested positive (1/86).The results also showed that there were (14/86) positive results of GAD elevated levels. Conclusion: Compared to men, women were noticeably more prone to T1DM, compared to other age groups; the (11–17) age group was noticeably more vulnerable to T1DM. Molecular techniques were less effective than serological techniques in diagnosing Coxsackie virus B.

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