Correlation between some Biomarker Levels and Disease Activity in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Document Type : New and original researches in the field of Microbiology.

Authors

1 Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, College of Health and Medical Technology, Baghdad, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq

2 Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Suwaira Technical Institute, Middle Technical University, Waist, Iraq

Abstract

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease marked by the loss of immune tolerance to nuclear antigens, predominantly affecting women of reproductive age. Objective: This research aims to assess disease activity in SLE patients and serum concentrations of chemokine (CXCL10, SIGLEC-1) in relation to disease severity. Methodology: A case-control study was conducted on 100 SLE patients and 25 healthy controls between January 7 and April 5, 2025. Diagnosis was based on the 1997 ACR criteria, and disease activity was assessed using SLEDAI-2K. Serum CXCL-10 and SIGLEC-1 levels were measured using a sandwich ELISA. Results: CXCL-10 levels were significantly higher in SLE patients than in controls (p < 0.001), with severe cases showed the highest values (546.2 ± 170.0 pg/ml). Similarly, SIGLEC-1 expression was elevated in active SLE, with severe cases demonstrating the highest levels compared to mild–moderate disease (4.1 ± 2.3 vs. 2.9 ± 0.6 ng/ml, p < 0.01). Clinical manifestations according to SLEDAI revealed that mucocutaneous involvement (54%), musculoskeletal (48%), hematologic (42%), and renal involvement (38%). indicating that chemokine upregulation reflects both systemic immune activation and specific organ involvement. Conclusion: Increased serum levels of CXCL-10 and SIGLEC-1, especially in severe SLE, underscore their potential role as reliable biomarkers. Their Strong correlation with SLEDAI supports their role in assessing disease activity and monitoring progression.

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