Antibiofilm Activity of Naproxen against Bacterial Isolates from Sinusitis and Tonsillitis Patients

Document Type : New and original researches in the field of Microbiology.

Authors

1 Department of Pathological analyses, College of Science, University of Basra, Iraq

2 Al- Basrah Teaching Hospital, Ministry of Health, Basra, Iraq

3 Department of Pathological analyses, College of Science, University of Basra

4 Oncology and Blood Diseases Center, Basrah Health Department

Abstract

Background: Biofilm formation is a significant virulence factor in bacterial infections, contributing to antibiotic resistance and chronic infections. Objective: Its aims to investigated the microbial profile of sinusitis and tonsillitis infections and evaluated the antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of naproxen against clinical isolates. Methodology: A total of 126 swab samples (42 sinusitis, 84 tonsillitis) were collected and cultured on selective media, yielding 366 bacterial isolates identified by Vitek 2 system. Predominant species included Staphylococcus aureus (35.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23.5%), and Streptococcus pyogenes (11.7%), with significant species-specific infection associations (p<0.05). Results: Biofilm formation assessed via Congo Red Agar revealed 59.3% of isolates were biofilm producers (97 strong, 120 moderate). Naproxen demonstrated concentration-dependent antibacterial activity, showing greatest efficacy against Gram-positive cocci (inhibition zones 16-30 mm) but limited activity against P. aeruginosa and P. putida at concentrations ≤1000 μg/mL. Notably, sub-inhibitory naproxen concentrations significantly reduced biofilm formation in treated isolates compared to controls (p<0.01). Conclusion: Naproxen possesses both antimicrobial and biofilm-disrupting properties, supporting its potential therapeutic utility in biofilm-associated respiratory infections.

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