Document Type : Review articles
Authors
1
Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
2
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
3
Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
4
Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
Abstract
Staphylococcus lugdunensis, a coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) with S. aureus-like virulence, is increasingly recognized for its role in allergic rhinitis (AR) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). This review reports the current evidence on S. lugdunensis’ pathogenic potential; focusing on its ability to disrupt nasal epithelial barriers, form biofilms, and modulate the immune responses (key mechanisms in AR and CRS pathogenesis). Unlike typical Cons, S. lugdunensis produces bound coagulase, adhesins, and cytotoxins, enabling severe infections (e.g, endocarditis) and persistent inflammation. Its nasal colonization may influence AR through interactions with S. aureus and other microbiota, particularly via the antimicrobial peptide lugdunin, which suppresses S. aureus and mitigates allergic inflammation. However, S. lugdunensis’ immunomodulatory effects remain poorly understood, with potential Th2-skewing cytokine responses exacerbating AR symptoms. Diagnostic challenges, including misidentification due to phenotypic similarities with S. aureus and low nasal abundance, hinder clinical recognition. Emerging microbiome-based therapies, such as probiotic strategies to enhance S. lugdunensis colonization, offer promise for AR management by restoring microbial balance and reducing pathogenic loads. Critical gaps persist in understanding strainspecific virulence, host-microbe interactions, and therapeutic efficacy, warranting further research. This review highlights S. lugdunensis as a dual commensal-pathogen with significant implications in AR and underscores the need for advanced diagnostics and targeted interventions to harness its protective potential while mitigating its pathogenic risks.
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