Assessing Public Awareness for Strengthening Immunity After The COVID-19 Pandemic

Document Type : New and original researches in the field of Microbiology.

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Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Basrah, Basrah 61004, Iraq

10.21608/ejmm.2025.420349.1853

Abstract

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a significant increase in seeking about human immune system worldwide. Subjective: This Iraqi study assessed COVID-19 impact on public immunology awareness and the role of immunology in preventing a future microbial pandemic. Methodology: This cross-sectional study used an online questionnaire from June to December 2024 to assess demographics, education, and immune system knowledge (components, influencing factors, and learning interest). This study includes 820 participants (ages 16–59, mean 25.6 years) with females (48.78%) and (51.22%) males. Results: The result revealed high immunology awareness, with 81% demonstrating foundational knowledge. Bachelor-educated respondents predominated, and marital status showed a balanced distribution. Key findings include strong recognition of immune health factors: sleep deprivation (88% aware), anxiety (81%), and nutrition—fast food (51%) as immunosuppressive versus fruits/vegetables (69%) and vitamins D/C (53%) as immune boosters. The vaccinated participants against COVID-19 showed significant preference (p<0.0001) for the Pfizer vaccine (63.05%) compared to Sinopharm (12.80%). The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacts immunity knowledge (65%) compared to (35%) beforehand (p<0.001). Notably, 94% of the population study expressed a desire to develop an immunology background. Conclusions: This study highlights the significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public awareness of immunology. Most participants demonstrated a strong desire to learn more about their immune system to help limit any future pandemic.

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