Genetic Variation in the ADRB2 Gene and Selected Immune Markers in Asthma Patients in Baghdad

Alkhamessi, Rawaa N.; Abdalwahab, Sanan T.; Esam, Bushra; Qasim, Sohaib R.; Kadham, Mustafa J.

doi:10.21608/ejmm.2025.422964.1867

Genetic Variation in the ADRB2 Gene and Selected Immune Markers in Asthma Patients in Baghdad

Document Type : New and original researches in the field of Microbiology.

Authors

¹ College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq

² College of Health and Medical Techniques, Al-Turath University, Baghdad, Iraq

³ Department of Microbial Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq

⁴ Medical Laboratory Technique Department, College of Health and Medical Techniques, Al–Bayan University, Baghdad, Iraq

⁵ College of Science, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq

10.21608/ejmm.2025.422964.1867

Abstract

Background: Asthma is a long term inflammatory ailmentthat has been affecting an estimated 300 million individuals at a global scale and has been on the rise particularly in such urban settings and developing economies. Abjective: the genetic polymorphism Arg16Gly (rs1042713) located in the ADRB2 gene and its relation to the immune indexes (IgE and IL-4) among Baghdadi patients with asthma was investigated. Methodology: There were 80 cases of asthma patients and 40 healthy controls. Genetic and immunological case control study was done. This study used samples of patients examined in the private laboratory owned by Dr. Mostafa Hussein and carried out from March to September 2024 in Baghdad, Iraq. Results: DNA Sequencing verified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) characterised by an adenine-to-guanine substitution (A>G) at codon 16 of the ADRB2 coding sequence, leading to an amino acid alteration from arginine (Arg) to glycine (Gly). The risk was highest among homozygous Gly/Gly individuals (and the Gly16 allele frequency was substantially higher in patients than in controls. There was a gene-dose impact, with blood IgE and IL-4 levels going up steadily from Arg/Arg to Gly/Gly carriers. Conclusion: There was a clear positive link between IL-4 and IgE. Multivariate logistic regression found Gly16 carriage, higher IL-4 and IgE levels, and a family history of asthma as independent predictors.

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